Abstract This sequel to Cézanne and Bergson extends the Bergsonian interpretation to the major developments of modern painting after Cézanne, encompassing the key figures of Fauvism, Cubism, Futurism, Rhythmism, Orphism, and Marcel Duchamp. Reconnecting with my earlier findings, the opening pages focus on two of Cézanne's major works-Portrait of Gustave Geffroy and Portrait of Ambroise Vollard-both of which contain his signature spheres (cylinder, sphere, and cone). Moreover, Cézanne structured these paintings in accordance with Bergson's well-known schemata ("the shell," "the horizontal and vertical lines," and "the cone"), while discreetly embedding the initials "H.B." twice as tributes to the philosopher. The author gratefully uncovered these two pieces of evidence, respectively in 2002 and 2024-discoveries that are by no means mere illusions. Building on this foundation and adopting the same approach, the present volume continues to examine how younger artists engaged in dialogue with Bergsonian philosophy, epistemologically through "intuition and reason" and metaphysically through "appearance and reality." It also traces the intertextual resonances between philosophical symbols and artistic metaphors. This interpretive framework not only reveals the key features of Bergsonian philosophy but also opens a significant path toward understanding Bergsonism in both Cézanne's late works and early twentieth-century modern painting. This differs from the usual sporadic and fragmented discussions on this topic. While it is widely recognized that younger artists turned to Cézanne in search of new stylistic directions, it is equally important to acknowledge that they also drew upon Bergsonian thought to articulate and validate their innovations. From this perspective, one of the defining features of modern painting emerges as the plural and inventive formal expressions of a distinctly Bergsonian style. This is not only an original contribution to art history but also a fascinating adventure that spans a century.
